ABSTRACT
El programa del perdón REACH es un tratamiento viable y basado en evidencias, sin embargo, no ha sido aplicado en participantes hispanohablantes. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del estudio fue determinar la efectividad del programa del perdón REACH sobre la depresión, la ansiedad, el estrés y las motivaciones ante la transgresión interpersonal en universitarios residentes en la selva peruana. El diseño fue experimental, de tipo cuasi-experimental. Participaron 38 universitarios (71.1% mujeres) con edades de 18 a 40 años (M=21, Me= 20,50, DE=4,29), divididos en dos grupos (grupo de intervención, 20; y control, 18). Se utilizó la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21), la escala Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations (TRIM-18) y el programa del perdón REACH de Worthington. Los resultados evidenciaron que, en el grupo de tratamiento, se redujeron los síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Además de incrementarse el perdón y disminuir la venganza y la evitación hacia el ofensor; no obstante, no hubo diferencias significativas en benevolencia. Mientras que, en el grupo control, no se encontraron diferencias significativas antes y después del tratamiento. Se concluye que el programa del perdón es efectivo para mejorar la salud mental y las relaciones interpersonales de los universitarios participantes.
The REACH forgiveness program is a viable and evidence-based treatment; however, it has not been applied in Spanish-speaking participants. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the REACH forgiveness program on depression, anxiety, stress and motivations for interpersonal transgression in university students living in the Peruvian jungle. The design of the study was experimental, of a quasi-experimental type. Thirty-eight university students (71.1% women) aged 18 to 40 years (M=21, Me=20.50, SD=4.29) participated, divided into two groups (intervention group, 20; and control, 18). The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations scale (TRIM-18), and Worthington's REACH forgiveness program were used. The results showed that, in the treatment group, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were reduced. In addition to increasing forgiveness and decreasing revenge and avoidance towards the offender; however, there were no significant differences in benevolence. While, in the control group, no significant differences were found before and after the treatment. It is concluded that the forgiveness program is effective in improving the mental health and interpersonal relationships of the university participants.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND Understanding the epidemiology of malaria through the molecular force of the blood-stage infection of Plasmodium vivax (molFOB) may provide a detailed assessment of malaria transmission. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated risk factors and spatial-temporal patterns of incidence of Plasmodium infection and clinical malaria episodes in three peri-urban communities of Manaus, Western Brazilian Amazon. METHODS Monthly samples were collected in a cohort of 1,274 individuals between April 2013 and March 2014. DNA samples were subject to Plasmodium species. molFOB was calculated by counting the number of genotypes observed on each visit, which had not been present in the preceding two visits and adjusting these counts by the respective times-at-risk. FINDINGS Respectively, 77.8% and 97.2% of the population remained free of P. vivax and P. falciparum infection. Expected heterozygosity for P. vivax was 0.69 for MSP1_F3 and 0.86 for MS2. Multiplicity of infection in P. vivax was close to the value of 1. The season was associated with P. vivax positivity [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.6 (1.9-5.7)] and clinical disease [aHR 10.6 (2.4-47.2)]. P. falciparum infection was associated with previous malarial episodes [HR 9.7 (4.5-20.9)]. Subjects who reported possession of a bed net [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.6 (1.2-2.2)] or previous malaria episodes [IRR 3.0 (2.0-4.5)] were found to have significantly higher P. vivax molFOB. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Overall, P. vivax infection prevailed in the area and infections were mostly observed as monoclonal. Previous malaria episodes were associated with significantly higher P. vivax molFOB.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: el cuestionario Feedback in Medical Education (FEEDME-Provider) es un instrumento que mide la interacción entre el estudiante o residente de medicina con el médico que le brinda el feedback. Objetivos: el objetivo de este trabajo es traducir, adaptar culturalmente el cuestionario FEEDME-Provider al español latinoamericano, evaluar su consistencia interna y la validez de contenido y del constructo estructural. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico observacional de tipo instrumental en 139 estudiantes de medicina. La validez de la escala se determinó mediante el coeficiente V de Aiken y sus intervalos de confianza del 95 %. Además, se realizaron pruebas de análisis factorial y confiabilidad. Resultados: todos los valores del coeficiente V de Aiken fueron estadísticamente significativos (V > 0,70) con valores del límite inferior del IC 95 % apropiados. La asimetría y curtosis de los ítems fueron inferiores a ± 1,5. En el análisis factorial exploratorio se evidenció la existencia de 3 factores, los cuales corresponden con la estructura teórica de la escala original. Todos estos presentaron valores de saturación > 0,30. Sin embargo, el 1 el 3 se eliminaron por no corresponder teóricamente con su factor. Respecto a la confiabilidad de la escala total y sus factores, el coeficiente α de Cronbach es superior a 0,80, que indica que una escala presenta consistencia interna. Conclusiones: la adecuada traducción y adaptación cultural del contenido de los ítems produjo consistentes propiedades psicométricas (confiabilidad, validez de contenido y de constructo estructural) de las puntuaciones de la Escala de FEEDME-Proveedor en una muestra de estudiantes peruanos de medicina humana.
SUMMARY Introduction: The Feedback in Medical Education questionnaire (FEEDME-Provider) is an instrument that measures the interaction between the medical student or resident with the doctor who provides the feedback. Objectives: This study aims to translate and culturally adapt the FEEDME-Provider questionnaire to Latin American Spanish and evaluate its internal consistency and validity of content and structural construct. Methods: An instrumental analytical observational study was carried out on 139 medical students. The scale validity was determined through Aiken V coefficient and its 95% confidence intervals. In addition, factor analysis and reliability tests were carried out. Results: All Aiken V coefficient values were statistically significant (V > 0,70) with appropriate 95% CI lower limit values. The asymmetry and kurtosis of the items were less than ± 1.5. The exploratory factor analysis revealed the existence of 3 factors, which correspond to the theoretical structure of the original scale. All the items presented saturation values > 0.30. However, items 1 and 3 were eliminated because they did not correspond theoretically to their factor. Regarding the reliability of the total scale and its factors, Cronbach's α coefficient is greater than 0.80, which indicates that the scale has internal consistency. Conclusions: The appropriate translation and cultural adjustments of some items resulted in consistent psychometric properties (reliability and validity of content and structural construct) of the FEEDME-Provider Scale scores in a sample of Peruvian medical students.